由于过去几十年中获得的大量技术改进，因此可以使用机器人车进行水下勘探。这项工作描述了用于基于水下车辆的动态定位系统的开发。采用的方法是使用Lyapunov稳定性理论开发的，并通过基于神经网络的算法增强了不确定性和干扰补偿。通过数值模拟评估所提出的控制方案的性能。

Recently, there has been an interest in improving the resources available in Intrusion Detection System (IDS) techniques. In this sense, several studies related to cybersecurity show that the environment invasions and information kidnapping are increasingly recurrent and complex. The criticality of the business involving operations in an environment using computing resources does not allow the vulnerability of the information. Cybersecurity has taken on a dimension within the universe of indispensable technology in corporations, and the prevention of risks of invasions into the environment is dealt with daily by Security teams. Thus, the main objective of the study was to investigate the Ensemble Learning technique using the Stacking method, supported by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) algorithms aiming at an optimization of the results for DDoS attack detection. For this, the Intrusion Detection System concept was used with the application of the Data Mining and Machine Learning Orange tool to obtain better results

Voice assistants are deployed widely and provide useful functionality. However, recent work has shown that commercial systems like Amazon Alexa and Google Home are vulnerable to voice-based confusion attacks that exploit design issues. We propose a systems-oriented defense against this class of attacks and demonstrate its functionality for Amazon Alexa. We ensure that only the skills a user intends execute in response to voice commands. Our key insight is that we can interpret a user's intentions by analyzing their activity on counterpart systems of the web and smartphones. For example, the Lyft ride-sharing Alexa skill has an Android app and a website. Our work shows how information from counterpart apps can help reduce dis-ambiguities in the skill invocation process. We build SkilIFence, a browser extension that existing voice assistant users can install to ensure that only legitimate skills run in response to their commands. Using real user data from MTurk (N = 116) and experimental trials involving synthetic and organic speech, we show that SkillFence provides a balance between usability and security by securing 90.83% of skills that a user will need with a False acceptance rate of 19.83%.

Interpretable entity representations (IERs) are sparse embeddings that are "human-readable" in that dimensions correspond to fine-grained entity types and values are predicted probabilities that a given entity is of the corresponding type. These methods perform well in zero-shot and low supervision settings. Compared to standard dense neural embeddings, such interpretable representations may permit analysis and debugging. However, while fine-tuning sparse, interpretable representations improves accuracy on downstream tasks, it destroys the semantics of the dimensions which were enforced in pre-training. Can we maintain the interpretable semantics afforded by IERs while improving predictive performance on downstream tasks? Toward this end, we propose Intermediate enTity-based Sparse Interpretable Representation Learning (ItsIRL). ItsIRL realizes improved performance over prior IERs on biomedical tasks, while maintaining "interpretability" generally and their ability to support model debugging specifically. The latter is enabled in part by the ability to perform "counterfactual" fine-grained entity type manipulation, which we explore in this work. Finally, we propose a method to construct entity type based class prototypes for revealing global semantic properties of classes learned by our model.

Finding an initial noise vector that produces an input image when fed into the diffusion process (known as inversion) is an important problem in denoising diffusion models (DDMs), with applications for real image editing. The state-of-the-art approach for real image editing with inversion uses denoising diffusion implicit models (DDIMs) to deterministically noise the image to the intermediate state along the path that the denoising would follow given the original conditioning. However, DDIM inversion for real images is unstable as it relies on local linearization assumptions, which result in the propagation of errors, leading to incorrect image reconstruction and loss of content. To alleviate these problems, we propose Exact Diffusion Inversion via Coupled Transformations (EDICT), an inversion method that draws inspiration from affine coupling layers. EDICT enables mathematically exact inversion of real and model-generated images by maintaining two coupled noise vectors which are used to invert each other in an alternating fashion. Using Stable Diffusion, a state-of-the-art latent diffusion model, we demonstrate that EDICT successfully reconstructs real images with high fidelity. On complex image datasets like MS-COCO, EDICT reconstruction significantly outperforms DDIM, improving the mean square error of reconstruction by a factor of two. Using noise vectors inverted from real images, EDICT enables a wide range of image edits--from local and global semantic edits to image stylization--while maintaining fidelity to the original image structure. EDICT requires no model training/finetuning, prompt tuning, or extra data and can be combined with any pretrained DDM. Code is available at https://github.com/salesforce/EDICT.

This paper presents a proof-of-concept method for classifying chemical compounds directly from NMR data without doing structure elucidation. This can help to reduce time in finding good structure candidates, as in most cases matching must be done by a human engineer, or at the very least a process for matching must be meaningfully interpreted by one. Therefore, for a long time automation in the area of NMR has been actively sought. The method identified as suitable for the classification is a convolutional neural network (CNN). Other methods, including clustering and image registration, have not been found suitable for the task in a comparative analysis. The result shows that deep learning can offer solutions to automation problems in cheminformatics.

健壮的学习是科学机器学习（SCIML）的重要问题。文献中有几篇关于该主题的作品。但是，对方法的需求不断增加，可以同时考虑SCIML模型识别中涉及的所有不同不确定性组成部分。因此，这项工作提出了一种对SCIML的不确定性评估的综合方法，该方法还考虑了识别过程中涉及的几种不确定性来源。提出的方法中考虑的不确定性是缺乏理论和因果模型，对数据腐败或不完美的敏感性以及计算工作。因此，可以为SCIML领域中的不确定性感知模型提供总体策略。该方法通过案例研究验证，开发了用于聚合反应器的软传感器。结果表明，已识别的软传感器对于不确定性是可靠的，并以所提出的方法的一致性证实。

人的大脑能够依次地学习任务，而无需忘记。但是，深度神经网络（DNN）在学习一项任务时遭受灾难性遗忘。我们考虑了一个挑战，考虑了一个课堂学习方案，在该方案中，DNN看到测试数据而不知道该数据启动的任务。在培训期间，持续的捕获和选择（CP＆S）在DNN中找到了负责解决给定任务的子网。然后，在推理期间，CP＆S选择正确的子网以对该任务进行预测。通过培训DNN的可用神经元连接（以前未经训练）来创建一个新的子网络，从而通过修剪来学习一项新任务，该连接可以包括以前训练的其他子网络（S），因为它没有更新共享的连接，因为它可以属于其他子网络（S）。这使得通过在DNN中创建专门的区域而不会相互冲突的同时仍允许知识转移在其中，可以消除灾难性的遗忘。 CP＆S策略采用不同的子网络选择策略实施，揭示了在各种数据集（CIFAR-100，CUB-200，2011年，Imagenet-100和Imagenet-100）上测试的最先进的持续学习方法的卓越性能。特别是，CP＆S能够从Imagenet-1000中依次学习10个任务，以确保94％的精度，而遗忘可忽略不计，这是课堂学习学习的首要结果。据作者所知，与最佳替代方法相比，这表示准确性高于20％的改善。

在水下活动期间获得的图像遭受了水的环境特性，例如浊度和衰减。这些现象会导致颜色失真，模糊和对比度减少。另外，不规则的环境光分布会导致色道不平衡和具有高强度像素的区域。最近的作品与水下图像增强有关，并基于深度学习方法，解决了缺乏生成合成基地真相的配对数据集。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于深度学习的水下图像增强的自我监督学习方法，不需要配对的数据集。提出的方法估计了水下图像中存在的降解。此外，自动编码器重建此图像，并使用估计的降解信息降解其输出图像。因此，该策略在训练阶段的损失函数中用降级版本代替了输出图像。此过程\ textIt {Misleads}学会补偿其他降解的神经网络。结果，重建的图像是输入图像的增强版本。此外，该算法还提出了一个注意模块，以减少通过颜色通道不平衡和异常区域在增强图像中产生的高强度区域。此外，提出的方法不需要基本真实。此外，仅使用真实的水下图像来训练神经网络，结果表明该方法在颜色保存，颜色铸造降低和对比度改进方面的有效性。

法医虹膜认可，而不是活着的Iris认可，是一个新兴的研究领域，它利用Iris Biometrics的判别能力来帮助人类检查员识别死者。作为一种主要是人为控制的任务，作为一种基于机器学习的技术，法医识别是在验证后识别任务中对人类专业知识的“备份”。因此，机器学习模型必须是（a）可解释的，并且（b）验尸特异性，以说明衰减眼组织的变化。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种满足需求的方法，并以人类感知的方式以一种新颖的方式接近验尸的创建。我们首先使用人类突出的图像区域的注释来训练基于学习的特征探测器，这是他们的决策。实际上，该方法直接从人类那里学习可解释的特征，而不是纯粹的数据驱动特征。其次，区域虹膜代码（同样，具有人体驱动的过滤内核）用于配对检测到的虹膜斑块，这些颗粒被转化为基于斑块的比较分数。通过这种方式，我们的方法为人类考官提供了人为理解的视觉提示，以证明身份决定和相应的置信度得分是合理的。当在259名死者的验尸虹膜图像的数据集上进行测试时，提出的三个最佳虹膜匹配者中提出的方法位置比商业（非人类互换）的Verieye方法更好。我们提出了一种独特的验尸后虹膜识别方法，该方法接受了人类显着性的培训，可以在法医检查的背景下提供完全解释的比较结果，从而实现最先进的识别表现。